Sainik School Society

Introduction to Sainik School Society

The Sainik School Society is an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Defence, Government of India, dedicated to managing a network of prestigious residential schools across the country. These schools offer high-quality education with a focus on preparing students for careers in the armed forces, especially the National Defence Academy (NDA), Indian Naval Academy, and other officer training academies. With 33 established schools nationwide and more under development, Sainik Schools combine academic excellence with character building, discipline, and patriotism to create future leaders of India. The admission process involves an entrance examination called AISSEE for classes VI and IX, making early preparation essential for aspiring candidates.

Key Takeaways

• Sainik School Society oversees 33 established schools and 18 new partnership model schools across India.
• These schools provide English medium residential education with CBSE affiliation.
• The primary goal is to prepare students for careers in defence services, particularly for entry into NDA.
• Admission is through the competitive All India Sainik Schools Entrance Examination (AISSEE).
• The governance structure includes a Board of Governors chaired by the Defence Minister.
• Notable alumni include military leaders, politicians, bureaucrats, and achievers across various fields.
• The schools focus on holistic development with a balanced mix of academics, physical training, and character building.
• Parents must prepare their children both mentally and physically for the disciplined environment.
• New partnership model schools have expanded accessibility to Sainik School education.

What is Sainik School Society?

The Sainik School Society (SSS) is a registered society established under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860. It functions as the central administrative body responsible for managing all Sainik Schools across India. These institutions follow a unique educational model that combines academic excellence with military-style discipline and training, creating a distinctive learning environment for young students aspiring to join the armed forces or develop strong leadership qualities.

• Established as an autonomous body under the Ministry of Defence
• Registered under Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860
• Focused on imparting quality education with military values
• Creates foundation for students to excel in all walks of life
• Maintains uniform standards across all Sainik Schools

In essence, the Sainik School Society serves as the backbone of the Sainik School system, ensuring consistency in educational quality and administrative procedures across all schools. For parents considering this educational path for their children, understanding the role of SSS helps in appreciating the structured and standardized approach these schools offer.

Organizational Structure of Sainik School Society

The Sainik School Society follows a well-defined hierarchical structure to ensure efficient management and supervision of all Sainik Schools. This organizational framework ensures accountability and maintains consistent educational standards across the network of schools.

• The Board of Governors functions under the chairmanship of the Defence Minister
• An Executive Committee under the Defence Secretary exercises closer control over schools
• Day-to-day operations are managed by the Honorary Secretary (Joint Secretary, Training)
• The Honorary Secretary is supported by Inspecting Officers, Deputy Secretary, and Under Secretary
• Each school has a Local Board of Administration chaired by the GOC-in-C of the concerned Command

This multi-tiered administrative structure ensures that while central policies and standards are maintained, each school also receives attention to its specific local needs and challenges. For parents, this means their child's education benefits from both national-level strategic planning and localized supervision.

Mission and Vision of Sainik School Society

The Sainik School Society operates with a clear mission and vision focused on developing well-rounded individuals who can serve the nation with distinction. This guiding philosophy shapes the educational approach and environment in all Sainik Schools.

• To prepare cadets academically, physically, and mentally for entry into the National Defence Academy
• To develop leadership qualities, patriotism, and a spirit of service to the nation
• To provide high-quality education that balances academics with character building
• To instill values of discipline, integrity, courage, and respect
• To create an all-India character by bringing together students from diverse backgrounds

The mission extends beyond simply preparing students for military careers. Sainik Schools aim to develop responsible citizens with strong moral character and leadership abilities who can excel in any field they choose. For parents, this means their child receives an education that builds both knowledge and character.

About Sainik Schools

Sainik Schools are specialized educational institutions that combine academic rigor with military-style discipline and training. These residential schools provide a unique learning environment that shapes young minds into disciplined, confident, and academically sound individuals with a strong sense of national service.

• English medium residential schools affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)
• Currently 33 established schools spread across different states in India
• Focus on all-round development – academic, physical, social, and emotional
• Special emphasis on character building, leadership qualities, and team spirit
• State-of-the-art infrastructure including classrooms, laboratories, sports facilities, and hostels

Sainik Schools create a transformative environment where students, called cadets, develop self-reliance, time management, and adaptability. The residential nature of these schools helps children become independent while learning to live harmoniously in a community setting – skills that serve them well throughout life regardless of their chosen career path.

History and Evolution of Sainik Schools

The concept of Sainik Schools emerged from a visionary education initiative aimed at addressing specific national needs during the post-independence era. The journey of these schools reflects India's commitment to developing leadership for defense services from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds.

• The first Sainik School was established in 1961 at Satara, Maharashtra
• Founded on the recommendation of the V.K. Krishna Menon Committee
• Initially created to remove regional imbalance in the officer cadre of defense services
• Gradually expanded to different states to ensure national representation
• Recent expansion includes 18 new schools under the partnership model

Over the decades, Sainik Schools have evolved while maintaining their core ethos. The recent partnership model with NGOs, private schools, and state governments represents a significant expansion that makes this unique educational approach accessible to more students across the country. For parents, this expansion offers more opportunities to consider Sainik School education for their children.

Educational System and Curriculum

The educational system in Sainik Schools follows the CBSE curriculum with additional components that support their unique mission. This curriculum provides a strong academic foundation while incorporating elements that prepare students for potential careers in the armed forces.

• CBSE curriculum with emphasis on mathematics, science, social studies, and languages
• Additional subjects like military studies and NCC (National Cadet Corps) training
• Well-equipped laboratories and libraries to support practical learning
• Regular assessments and examinations to monitor academic progress
• Specialized coaching for NDA entrance examination for senior students

Beyond academic subjects, Sainik Schools emphasize practical knowledge and skill development. The curriculum is designed to balance intellectual growth with physical fitness and character building. For parents concerned about their child's academic development, Sainik Schools provide a structured learning environment with qualified teachers and appropriate resources.

Benefits of Sainik School Education

Sainik School education offers numerous advantages that contribute to the holistic development of students. These benefits extend beyond academic knowledge to include character formation and life skills that prove valuable in any career path.

• Disciplined environment that instills punctuality, organization, and respect for rules
• Emphasis on physical fitness through regular exercise, sports, and outdoor activities
• Development of leadership qualities through various roles and responsibilities
• Exposure to national integration by studying with peers from diverse backgrounds
• Self-reliance and independence fostered by the residential setting
• Subsidized education with scholarships available for eligible students

Parents who choose Sainik Schools for their children often observe positive changes in behavior, attitude, and confidence levels. The structured environment helps students develop good habits and time management skills that benefit them throughout their lives. The residential nature of these schools also helps children become more independent and adaptable.

Admission Process for Sainik Schools

The admission process for Sainik Schools is centralized and competitive, designed to select students who have the potential to thrive in the unique educational environment these schools offer. Understanding this process is crucial for parents who are considering a Sainik School education for their children.

• Admissions offered at Class VI and Class IX levels
• Selection based on performance in the All India Sainik Schools Entrance Examination (AISSEE)
• Examination conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA)
• Process involves written examination, medical examination, and document verification
• Limited seats available with reservations for various categories as per government policy

Early preparation is key to securing admission in Sainik Schools. Parents should start familiarizing their children with the examination pattern and requirements at least a year in advance. The competitive nature of the entrance examination requires dedicated preparation and a clear understanding of what the schools are looking for in prospective students.

All India Sainik Schools Entrance Examination (AISSEE)

The All India Sainik Schools Entrance Examination (AISSEE) is the gateway to admission in Sainik Schools. This standardized test evaluates students on various subjects to assess their academic readiness for the challenging curriculum offered by these schools.

• Conducted once a year by the National Testing Agency (NTA)
• Different question papers for Class VI and Class IX admissions
• Class VI exam typically covers Mathematics, Intelligence, Language, and General Knowledge
• Class IX exam includes Mathematics, English, Intelligence, Science, and Social Studies
• Computer-based test format with multiple-choice questions

The AISSEE is designed to test not just the knowledge but also the analytical and problem-solving abilities of students. For parents helping their children prepare, it's important to focus on building strong fundamentals in all subjects rather than just memorization. Regular practice with sample papers can help students become familiar with the examination pattern and time management.

Eligibility Criteria for Admission

Sainik Schools have specific eligibility criteria that candidates must meet to be considered for admission. These criteria include age limits, educational qualifications, and physical fitness standards.

• For Class VI: Students should generally be between 10-12 years of age
• For Class IX: Students should generally be between 13-15 years of age
• Candidates must have passed the previous class from a recognized school
• Medical fitness as per the standards prescribed by the schools
• Both boys and girls are eligible for admission in most Sainik Schools

Parents should verify the specific eligibility criteria from the official website or information bulletin as there might be slight variations in age limits based on date of birth calculations. The medical examination is comprehensive and ensures that students can cope with the physical demands of the Sainik School routine. Any pre-existing medical conditions should be disclosed during the application process.

Important Dates and Application Process

The application process for Sainik Schools follows a specific timeline that parents need to be aware of. Missing key dates can result in losing the opportunity for admission, making it essential to stay updated with the official schedule.

• Application process typically begins in the months of October-November each year
• Applications are submitted online through the official AISSEE website
• Required documents include birth certificate, school records, and category certificates if applicable
• Examination usually conducted in January
• Results generally announced in March-April
• Medical examination and document verification follow for shortlisted candidates

The entire process from application to final admission can take several months. Parents should keep all necessary documents ready in advance and regularly check the official website for any updates or changes in the schedule. Creating a calendar with all important dates can help ensure that no deadlines are missed.

Parent Tip: Start preparing for the AISSEE at least 6-8 months in advance. Focus on building strong fundamentals in mathematics and language skills. Regular practice with previous years' question papers can significantly improve your child's performance.

Network of Sainik Schools

The Sainik School network has expanded significantly since its inception, creating a nationwide presence that makes this unique educational opportunity accessible to students from various regions. Understanding the distribution and types of these schools helps parents make informed decisions about which school might be most suitable for their child.

• Currently 33 established Sainik Schools spread across different states of India
• 18 new schools operating under the partnership model
• Each school maintains the core Sainik School ethos while adapting to regional contexts
• Schools typically named after the location or region where they are situated
• Varying capacity and infrastructure based on when they were established

The wide distribution of Sainik Schools ensures that students from different parts of the country have the opportunity to access this specialized education. This national network also contributes to the schools' role in fostering national integration by bringing together students from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds under one educational system.

Existing Sainik Schools Across India

The established Sainik Schools have built strong reputations over the years, with each school developing its own unique traditions while maintaining the core values of the Sainik School system. These schools are distributed strategically across different states and regions of India.

• Schools are present in states including Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and many more
• Some of the oldest schools include Satara (Maharashtra), Kunjpura (Haryana), and Chittorgarh (Rajasthan)
• Each school typically accommodates between 500-700 students depending on capacity
• Most schools are situated in spacious campuses away from urban congestion
• Many schools have specialized infrastructure like horse riding facilities, shooting ranges, and swimming pools

Parents considering Sainik Schools should research individual schools to understand their specific strengths, facilities, and achievements. While all schools follow the same broad curriculum and philosophy, there can be differences in terms of campus size, faculty expertise, and extracurricular focus areas.

New Sainik Schools in Partnership Model

The Ministry of Defence has recently expanded the Sainik School network through a partnership model, allowing more students to access the Sainik School education system. This innovative approach marks a significant evolution in how these schools are established and operated.

• 18 new Sainik Schools operating in partnership with NGOs, private schools, and state governments
• These schools function under the aegis of Sainik Schools Society
• Partnership schools maintain the core Sainik School curriculum and values
• They offer admission to the Sainik School stream through the same AISSEE process
• This model allows for faster expansion of the Sainik School network

For parents, these partnership schools offer additional opportunities to enroll their children in the Sainik School system, especially in regions where established Sainik Schools might have limited capacity. While relatively new, these schools strive to maintain the same standards and educational approach as the traditional Sainik Schools.

Governance and Administration

The governance and administration of Sainik Schools follow a structured approach that ensures consistent quality education while maintaining appropriate oversight. This system combines central guidance with local administration to address both national objectives and regional needs.

• Multi-tiered administrative structure with clear roles and responsibilities
• Central policies established by the Sainik Schools Society
• Implementation overseen by school-level administration
• Regular inspections and evaluations to maintain standards
• Balance between uniformity across schools and flexibility for local requirements

Understanding the governance structure helps parents appreciate the level of oversight and quality control in place for their child's education. The system is designed to maintain high standards while allowing for continuous improvement and adaptation to changing educational needs.

Board of Governors and Executive Committee

At the highest level, the Sainik Schools are governed by a Board of Governors and an Executive Committee that establish policies and ensure their proper implementation. These bodies provide strategic direction and oversight for the entire Sainik School network.

• The Board of Governors is chaired by the Defence Minister of India
• Board members include representatives from the Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Education, and state governments
• The Executive Committee is headed by the Defence Secretary
• The Committee handles more frequent and detailed supervision of schools
• Policy decisions made at this level ensure consistency across all Sainik Schools

These governing bodies ensure that Sainik Schools maintain their focus on preparing students for careers in the armed forces while providing high-quality general education. They also oversee budget allocations, infrastructure development, and major administrative decisions affecting all schools.

Local Board of Administration

Each Sainik School has a Local Board of Administration that oversees the functioning of that particular school. This board ensures that central policies are appropriately implemented while addressing specific local needs and challenges.

• Chaired by the GOC-in-C of the concerned Command where the Sainik School is located
• Members include representatives from state government, local administration, and educational experts
• Oversees budget utilization, infrastructure maintenance, and academic performance
• Addresses specific challenges and requirements of the individual school
• Serves as a bridge between the school administration and central governing bodies

The Local Board of Administration plays a crucial role in ensuring that each school functions efficiently while maintaining the standards expected of a Sainik School. This local governance ensures that regional factors and needs are considered while implementing the national curriculum and policies.

Life at Sainik Schools

Life at Sainik Schools is characterized by structure, discipline, and a balance between academics and physical activities. Understanding the daily routine and expectations helps parents prepare their children for this unique educational environment and lifestyle.

• Structured 24-hour schedule beginning early in the morning
• Balance between academic classes, physical training, and extracurricular activities
• Residential setting with students living in houses or dormitories
• Emphasis on self-reliance and personal responsibility
• Regular sports, NCC activities, and cultural programs

The immersive environment of Sainik Schools helps students develop independence, time management, and social skills. Parents should prepare their children for this transition by encouraging self-reliance at home and discussing the benefits of the disciplined lifestyle they will experience at school.

Daily Routine and Discipline

The daily routine at Sainik Schools follows a regimented schedule designed to maximize productivity while building discipline and time management skills. This structured approach to the day helps students develop valuable habits that serve them throughout life.

• Early morning wake-up (typically around 5:00-5:30 AM)
• Morning physical training and parade
• Scheduled time for personal hygiene and breakfast
• Academic classes throughout the day
• Evening sports and games
• Supervised study periods
• Early lights out to ensure adequate rest

Discipline is a cornerstone of Sainik School education, with clear rules and expectations for behavior, appearance, and conduct. Students learn to take responsibility for their actions, maintain proper uniform, and respect authority – valuable life skills regardless of their future career path.

Extra-Curricular Activities and Training

Sainik Schools offer a wide range of extra-curricular activities and specialized training programs that complement academic education. These activities play a vital role in the holistic development of students, building important skills and interests.

• NCC (National Cadet Corps) training with regular camps and exercises
• Sports including athletics, swimming, horse riding, and team games
• Adventure activities like trekking, rock climbing, and obstacle courses
• Cultural activities including music, dance, drama, and public speaking
• Specialized clubs for robotics, science, literature, art, and other interests
• Leadership development through house system and student appointments

These extra-curricular components are not merely add-ons but integral parts of the Sainik School experience. They help students discover and develop their talents while building teamwork, leadership, and resilience. Parents should encourage their children to actively participate in these activities to gain maximum benefit from their time at Sainik School.

Parent Tip: When preparing your child for Sainik School, gradually introduce them to early morning routines and physical activities. Encourage independence in daily tasks like making their bed, organizing belongings, and managing time. This preparation will make the transition to Sainik School life much smoother.

Career Prospects After Sainik School

Students graduating from Sainik Schools have diverse career paths open to them. While these schools are primarily known for preparing students for careers in the armed forces, the holistic education and discipline they provide create a strong foundation for success in various fields.

• Direct preparation for entry into the National Defence Academy and other military academies
• Strong academic foundation for pursuing higher education in any field
• Development of leadership qualities valuable in corporate and public sectors
• Network connections with alumni in various professional fields
• Discipline and time management skills that benefit any career path

The values instilled in Sainik School students—integrity, discipline, teamwork, and resilience—are highly sought after by employers across industries. Parents should understand that while these schools excel at preparing students for military careers, they also provide an excellent foundation for diverse professional paths.

Pathways to Defence Services

The most traditional career path for Sainik School graduates is joining the armed forces. These schools provide specialized preparation that gives students a significant advantage in military entrance examinations and training programs.

• Specialized coaching for the NDA entrance examination
• Physical training aligned with military fitness requirements
• Familiarity with military disciplines and protocols
• Character development that aligns with officer qualities
• Entry into defence forces through multiple routes including NDA, Technical Entry Scheme, and others

Many Sainik Schools have impressive records of students gaining admission to the National Defence Academy and other military training institutions. The foundation laid in these schools helps students not just in gaining entry but also in excelling during their military training and subsequent service.

Other Career Opportunities

While military careers are a popular choice, Sainik School graduates excel in numerous other professional fields. The all-round development and strong value system instilled in these schools prepare students for success in diverse careers.

• Civil services and government administration
• Engineering and technology fields
• Medicine and healthcare
• Business management and entrepreneurship
• Law and judiciary
• Scientific research and academics

The discipline, confidence, and leadership abilities developed in Sainik Schools give graduates an edge in competitive examinations and job interviews. Many alumni credit their success in various fields to the strong foundation and work ethic they developed during their formative years at Sainik Schools.

Notable Alumni of Sainik Schools

Sainik Schools have produced numerous distinguished alumni who have excelled in various fields. These success stories stand as testament to the quality of education and character development these institutions provide.

• Military leaders including Army Chiefs and high-ranking officers
• Political leaders including a Vice President and Chief Ministers
• Civil servants and administrators
• Business leaders and entrepreneurs
• Notable personalities in sports, arts, and literature

The achievements of these alumni inspire current students and demonstrate the diverse paths available to graduates of Sainik Schools. For parents, these success stories provide reassurance about the quality and impact of the education their children will receive.

Military Leaders

Many Sainik School graduates have risen to the highest ranks in the Indian Armed Forces, contributing significantly to national security and defense leadership. Their career trajectories demonstrate the effectiveness of Sainik Schools in preparing students for distinguished military service.

• General Deepak Kapoor (Sainik School Kunjpura) - Former Chief of Army Staff
• General Dalbir Singh (Sainik School Chittorgarh) - Former Chief of Army Staff
• Numerous Lieutenant Generals, Major Generals, and equivalent ranks in other services
• Recipients of gallantry awards and distinguished service medals
• Leaders who have commanded critical operations and military formations

These military leaders often credit their foundation at Sainik Schools for instilling the values, discipline, and knowledge that helped them excel in their careers. Their success reinforces the schools' primary mission of preparing students for leadership roles in the armed forces.

Political Leaders and Civil Servants

The leadership skills and discipline instilled in Sainik Schools have produced notable political leaders and civil servants who have contributed significantly to governance and public administration.

• Shri Jagdeep Dhankhar (Sainik School Chittorgarh) - Vice President of India
• Shri Neiphiu Rio (Sainik School Purulia) - Chief Minister of Nagaland
• Shri Bhupinder Singh Hooda (Sainik School Balachadi & Kunjpura) - Former Chief Minister of Haryana
• Late Jarbom Gamlin (Sainik School Goalpara) - Former Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh
• Shri Alemtemshi Jamir (Sainik School Goalpara) - Former Chief Secretary of Nagaland

These leaders have utilized the values and skills developed during their Sainik School education to serve the nation in various capacities. Their achievements demonstrate that the leadership training provided in these schools extends beyond military applications to governance and public service.

Achievers in Other Fields

The holistic education provided by Sainik Schools has produced achievers in diverse fields beyond the military and politics. These individuals have excelled in sports, arts, business, and other professional domains.

• Shri Prakash Jha (Sainik School Tilaiya) - Film Director, Producer, and Actor
• Shri Rakesh Roshan (Sainik School Satara) - Film Actor, Director, and Producer
• Shri Prithviraj Sukumaran (Sainik School Kazhakoottam) - Film Actor, Director, and Producer
• Shri Swatantar Raj Singh (Sainik School Kunjpura) - Dronacharya Awardee and Coach
• Shri Sandeep Ghangas (Sainik School Kunjpura) - Gold Medalist in Asian Games
• Late Malli Mastan Babu (Sainik School Korukonda) - World Record Holder mountaineer

These diverse success stories highlight that the values and skills developed in Sainik Schools—discipline, perseverance, leadership, and creative thinking—can be applied to achieve excellence in any field. Parents can be confident that their children will receive an education that prepares them for success regardless of their chosen career path.

How Parents Can Support Their Child in Sainik School

Parents play a crucial role in helping their children adjust to and thrive in the unique environment of Sainik Schools. Understanding how to provide appropriate support and guidance can significantly impact a child's experience and success in these institutions.

• Preparing children emotionally and physically before admission
• Maintaining regular communication while respecting the school's routine
• Understanding the challenges of boarding school life
• Supporting academic and extracurricular endeavors
• Collaborating with school authorities for the child's development

The transition to Sainik School life can be challenging for both children and parents. However, with the right preparation and support, children can adapt successfully and make the most of the opportunities offered by these institutions.

Preparing Your Child for Sainik School Life

Proper preparation before joining a Sainik School can significantly ease the transition for children. Parents can take several steps to help their children develop the necessary skills and mindset to adapt to this unique educational environment.

• Encourage independence in daily tasks like making beds, organizing belongings, and personal hygiene
• Develop physical fitness through regular exercise and outdoor activities
• Build discipline through consistent routines and responsibilities at home
• Discuss the benefits and challenges of boarding school life
• Gradually adjust sleep schedules to match early morning routines
• Practice basic social skills for communal living

Mental preparation is as important as physical readiness. Parents should help children understand the purpose and benefits of Sainik School education while acknowledging that initial adjustment might be challenging. Framing the experience as an adventure and growth opportunity can help children approach it with a positive mindset.

Maintaining Communication and Support

Once children join a Sainik School, parents need to adjust their communication and support approaches to respect the school's structure while remaining engaged in their child's development. Effective communication strategies can help maintain strong family bonds despite the physical distance.

• Understand and respect the school's communication policies and schedules
• Write regular letters or emails that are positive and encouraging
• Listen attentively during phone calls without pressuring for constant updates
• Send care packages with appropriate items (after checking school regulations)
• Attend Parents' Day and other school events when possible
• Maintain contact with house masters and teachers for updates on progress

Parents should be mindful of the balance between providing support and fostering independence. While staying connected is important, children also need space to develop self-reliance and build relationships within the school community. Showing interest in their achievements and challenges without being overly protective helps children develop confidence and resilience.

Frequently Asked Questions about Sainik School Society

Parents considering Sainik Schools for their children often have common questions about these institutions. Addressing these questions can help families make informed decisions and better prepare for the Sainik School experience.

• What is the minimum age requirement for admission to Sainik Schools?
  For Class VI admission, students should generally be between 10-12 years of age. For Class IX, the age range is typically 13-15 years. Exact age calculations based on the admission year are specified in the information bulletin.
• Are Sainik Schools open to girls?
  Yes, most Sainik Schools now admit girls as well as boys, supporting gender equality in access to this specialized education.
• How competitive is the admission process?
  Admissions are highly competitive, with limited seats available at each school. Thorough preparation for the AISSEE is essential.
• What financial support is available for students?
  Various scholarships and subsidies are available, particularly for children of service personnel and based on merit and need. Details vary by school and state.
• Do Sainik Schools only prepare students for military careers?
  While Sainik Schools excel at preparing students for military careers, they provide a high-quality education that prepares students for success in any field they choose to pursue.
• How often can parents visit their children?
  Most schools have designated visiting days and parents' weekends. Regular visits outside these times are generally discouraged to maintain the school routine.
• What academic board do Sainik Schools follow?
  Sainik Schools are affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and follow its curriculum.

Parent Tip: If you're considering Sainik School for your child, visit the school if possible before making a decision. This will give you and your child a better understanding of the environment and help in preparation. Also, connect with parents of current students to gain insights into the actual experience and challenges.